warm temperate estuaries

ESTUARIES IN WARM TEMPERATE REGION

SILWERMYN ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o07'S;18o27'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Could be considered for rehabilitation)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)

SAND ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o06'S;18o29'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Good

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: High intensity residential development and industrial activity in catchment)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Harding (1993), Harding (1994)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1976), Byren & Davies (1986), Clark et al. (1994), Davies & Stewart (1984), Davies et al. (1989), Gaigher & Thorne (1979), Harrison (1998), Stewart & Davies (1986)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Begg (1981a), Benkenstein (1981), Benkenstein (1982), Davies (1982a), Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)

EERSTE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o05'S;18o46'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Pollution control by sewage works needs to be improved)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Clark et al. (1994), Harrison (1998)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bartlett & Henning (1982), Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)

LOURENS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o06'S;18o49'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: System could be considered for rehabilitation)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)

SIR LOWRY'S PASS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o05'S;18o49'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Water quality needs to be improved to facilitate recreational use)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)

STEENBRAS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o12'S;18o49'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Has the characteristics of a small fjord rather than a typical estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)

ROOIELS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o18'S;18o49'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Within the proposed Rooiels/Betty's Bay nature area)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)

BUFFELS (OOS) ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o20'S;18o50'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Within the proposed Rooiels/Betty's Bay nature area)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)

PALMIET ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o21'S;19o00'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Estuary mouth closure more likely due to increase in catchment dams)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Largier (1986), Largier & Taljaard (1991), Largier et al. (1991), Slinger & Largier (1990), Taljaard (1987), Taljaard et al. (1986), Taljaard & Largier (1989)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Bennett (1989a), Bennett (1989b), Branch & Day (1984), Coetzee (1991)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Barwell (1988a), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1980), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Nel (1980), Rothmann (1992), Taljaard (1987), van der Merwe (1988b)

BOT/KLEINMOND ESTUARINE SYSTEM

LOCALITY: 34o21'S;19o04'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Excellent

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Mouth manipulation a major issue in the management of this system)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Bally & McQuaid (1985), Fromme (1985c), Rogers (1985), van Foreest (1985), van Heerden (1985), Willis (1985)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Bally et al. (1985), Bennett (1985), Bennett (1989a), Bennett (1989b), Bennett & Branch (1990), Bennett et al. (1985), De Decker (1987), De Decker & Bally (1985), De Decker & Bennett (1985), Heÿl & Currie (1985), O’Callaghan (1994b), Roberts (1985), Roberts et al. (1985a), Roberts et al. (1985b), Stewart & Bally (1985)

(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Bally (1985), Bally (1987), Branch et al. (1985), Claassen (1985), Coetzee (1985), Koop (1982), Koop et al. (1983)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bally & Branch (1986), Barwell (1988b), De Decker (1986), Fromme (1986c), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

ONRUS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o25'S;19o11'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Siltation and reed encroachment but suitable for rehabilitation)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Damstra (1980), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

KLEIN ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o25'S;19o18'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Good

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Farming in catchment and on the floodplain)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Barwell (1987), Coetzee & Pool (1986), Waldron (1986)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Scott et al. (1952), Talbot (1955)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1988), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), King et al. (1989), van der Merwe (1988b)

UILKRAALS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o36'S;19o25'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Bridge and embankment constrict river and tidal flow)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Gaigher (1984), Morant (1987)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Crowther (1988a), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

RATEL ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o46'S;19o45'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Within a private coastal nature reserve but mouth has been diverted)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

HEUNINGNES ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o43'S;20o07'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Under natural conditions the mouth of this estuary used to close)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Barham (1979)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cowan (1995), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

KLIPDRIFSFONTEIN

LOCALITY: 34o27'S;20o44'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: State owned property)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

BREË ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o24'S;20o51'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Riverine input declining due to irrigation demands in the catchment)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Coetzee & Pool (1991), Ratte (1982)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: de Villiers (1988), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

DUIWENHOKS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o22'S;20o00'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Freshwater supply to the estuary is being progressively curtailed)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme (1989), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

KAFFERKUILS (GOUKOU) ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o23'S;21o25'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Freshwater supply to the estuary is being progressively curtailed)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme (1989), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Sowman (1988)

GOURITS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o21'S;22o33'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Freshwater supply to the estuary is being progressively curtailed)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

BLINDE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o13'S;22o01'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

HARTENBOS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o07'S;22o08'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Water quality important for recreation)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Watling & Watling (1982c)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bruwer (1989), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

KLEIN BRAK ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o06'S;22o09'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Water quality important for recreation)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Watling & Watling (1982c)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

GROOT BRAK ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o03'S;22o14'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Good

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Management of the mouth necessary following major dam construction)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Slinger et al. (1994), Watling & Watling (1982c)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: EMATEK (1990), EMATEK (1992), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

MAALGATE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o03'S;22o20'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

GWAING ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o03'S;22o25'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

KAAIMANS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o00'S;22o34'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Estuary has been subjected to narrowing through road construction)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1984a), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

WILDERNESS ESTUARINE SYSTEM

LOCALITY: 34o00'S;22o35'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Excellent

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Under the jurisdiction of the National Parks Board)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Birch et al. (1978), Coetzee & Palmer (1982), Görgens & Hughes (1982), Hughes (1982a), Martin (1962)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Boshoff & Palmer (1983), Boshoff & Palmer (1988), Boshoff & Palmer (1991), Boshoff et al. (1991a), Boshoff et al. (1991b), Boshoff et al. (1991c), Boshoff & Piper (1992), Boshoff & Piper (1993), Coetzee (1981a), Coetzee (1983), Davies (1984), Hall et al. (1987), Howard-Williams (1980), Jacot Guillarmod (1982), Russell (1994), Russell (1996a), Weisser & Howard-Williams (1982), Weisser et al. (1992)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Chunnet (1972), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1981a), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1982a), Cowan (1995), Department of Planning (1970), Fijen (1995a), Fijen (1995b), Fijn & Kapp (1995a), Fijn & Kapp (1995b), Fijn & Kapp (1995d), Fijn & van Zyl (1995a), Hall (1985), Hughes (1982b), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Hughes (1983a), Hughes (1983b), Hughes (1983c), Hughes & Görgens (1983), Jacot Guillarmod & Allanson (1981a), Jacot Guillarmod & Allanson (1981b), Jacot Guillarmod & Allanson (1981c), Manley (1976)

SWARTVLEI ESTUARINE SYSTEM

LOCALITY: 34o00'S;22o48'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Excellent

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Under the jurisdiction of the National Parks Board)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Allanson & Howard-Williams (1984), Howard-Williams (1977), Huizinga (1987), Robarts & Allanson (1977), Silberbauer (1981), Silberbauer (1982)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Boshoff & Palmer (1988), Boshoff & Palmer (1991), Boshoff et al. (1991a), Boshoff et al. (1991b), Boshoff et al. (1991c), Boshoff & Piper (1992), Boshoff & Piper (1993), Coetzee (1981b), Coetzee (1982a), Coetzee (1982b), Coetzee & Pool (1985), Davies (1982b), Fairall (1981), Forbes (1978), Howard-Williams (1978), Howard-Williams (1981), Howard-Williams & Allanson (1981a), Howard-Williams & Allanson (1981b), Howard-Williams & Davies (1979), Howard-Williams & Liptrot (1980), Kok & Whitfield (1986), Ratte (1989), Robarts (1976a), Robarts (1976b), Robarts (1979), Robb et al. (1979), Russell (1994), Russell (1996a), Smale & Kok (1983), Taylor (1983), Whitfield (1984), Whitfield (1986a), Whitfield (1986b), Whitfield (1988a), Whitfield (1988b), Whitfield (1989a), Whitfield (1989b), Whitfield (1989d), Whitfield (1993a), Whitfield & Kok (1992), Wooldridge (1991)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Allanson & Whitfield (1982), Barker (1985), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1975), Fijen (1995c), Fijen (1995d), Fijn & Kapp (1995c), Fijn & Kapp (1995d), Fijn & van Zyl (1995d), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Liptrot (1978), Liptrot & Allanson (1978), Taylor (1981), Whitfield (1982)

GOUKAMMA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o05'S;22o57'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Within the Goukamma Provincial Nature Reserve)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

KNYSNA ESTUARINE SYSTEM

LOCALITY: 34o03'S;23o04'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine bay INFORMATION: Excellent

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: The only estuarine bay in the warm temperate region)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Huizinga (1985b), Huizinga & Haw (1986), Marker & Miller (1993), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1984c), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1987a), Russell (1996b), Watling & Watling (1975), Watling & Watling (1976), Watling & Watling (1977), Watling & Watling (1982b), Watling et al. (1980)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Angelino & della Croce (1975), Cretchley (1996), Davies (1987), Day (1967), Day et al. (1952), Genade & Hirst (1986), Hill (1977), Millard (1950), Smale & Kok (1983), Smith (1981)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Allanson (1991), Allanson & Grange (1996), Benson & Maddocks (1961), Burns & Heydorn (1988), Chunnet (1965), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1974), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1976), Crowther & Grange (1994), CSIR Environmental Services (1994), Department of Planning (1970), Geldenhuys (1979), Grange & Allanson (1994), Grindley (1976), Grindley (1986), Grindley & Eagle (1978), Grindley & Snow (1983), Hanekom & Russell (1991), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Haw (1984), Huizinga & Barwell (1989), Koringa (1956), Manley (1976), National Research Institute for Oceanology & VISKOR (1980), Reddering (1993), Reddering (1994), Watling & Watling (1980)

NOETSIE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o05'S;23o08'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Situated within a State forestry area)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

PIESANG ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o03'S;23o23'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Estuary important from an aesthetics and recreational viewpoint)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Davies (1987), Department of Water Affairs & Forestry (1994a), Fromme (1985d), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

KEURBOOMS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o02'S;23o23'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Threat of a major dam on the Keurbooms River)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Reddering (1981), Reddering (1983), Reddering (1988c), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1983a), Rust & Reddering (1983), Watling & Watling (1982d)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Department of Water Affairs & Forestry (1994a), Fromme (1985e), Harrison et al. (1995a),

Harrison et al. (1995b), Huizinga & Gaillard (1987)

MATJIES ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o00'S;23o28'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Small system which supplies freshwater to Keurboomstrand development)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

SOUT (OOS) ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o59'S;23o32'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Within the De Vasselot State Forestry Reserve)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)

GROOT (WES) ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o59'S;23o34'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Forms western boundary of the Tsitsikamma National Park)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

BLOUKRANS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o59'S;23o39'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Located within the Tsitsikamma National Park area)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

LOTTERING ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o59'S;23o44'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Located within the Tsitsikamma National Park area)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

ELANDSBOS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o00'S;23o46'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Located within the Tsitsikamma National Park area)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

STORMS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o01'S;23o54'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Located within the Tsitsikamma National Park area)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

ELANDS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o03'S;24o05'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Located within the Tsitsikamma National Park area)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Department of Water Affairs & Forestry (1994b), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

GROOT (OOS) ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o04'S;24o12'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Eastern boundary of the Tsitsikamma National Park)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Department of Water Affairs & Forestry (1994b), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

TSITSIKAMMA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o08'S;24o26'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: A major impoundment may be built on the Tsitsikamma River)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bate et al. (1994), Department of Water Affairs & Forestry (1994b), Lee (1993), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

KLIPDRIF ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o10'S;24o38'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

SLANG ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o10'S;24o39'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

KROMME ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o09'S;24o51'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Excellent

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: This system has a catchment which is severely impounded)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Crosby (1993), Emmerson & Erasmus (1987), Schumann & de Meillon (1993), Watling & Watling (1982e)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Adams (1991), Adams et al. (1992), Adams & Talbot (1992), Baird et al. (1981), Cloete (1993), Cloete (1994), Hanekom & Baird (1984), Hanekom (1982), Hanekom & Baird (1988), Hecht (1973), Heymans & Baird (1995), Jerling & Wooldridge (1994a), Marais (1983a), Melville-Smith (1981), Newman (1993), Seagrief (1976)

(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Baird & Heymans (1996), Bickerton & Pierce (1988), Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h), Scharler et al. (1997)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Baird et al. (1992), Bickerton (1986), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1984b), Emmerson et al. (1982), Fromme & Badenhorst (1987), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Heymans (1992), Huizinga (1991), Lee (1993), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1983b), Sowman (1990a), Sowman & Fuggle (1985), Sowman & Fuggle (1989)

SEEKOEI ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o05'S;24o55'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Good

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: A poorly designed causeway has been built across the lower reaches)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Esterhuysen (1983)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Adams (1991), Adams et al. (1992), Dundas (1993), Whitfield (1989e)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bickerton & Badenhorst (1987), Bickerton & Zoutendyk (1990), Esterhuysen (1982), Fromme & Badenhorst (1987), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Wooldridge & Wallace (1977)

KABELJOUS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 34o00'S;24o56'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Threatened with increased freshwater demand for catchment irrigation)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Adams (1991), Adams et al. (1992), Dundas (1993)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme & Badenhorst (1987), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1984b)

GAMTOOS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o58'S;25o04'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Quantity and quality of river water declining)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Pearce & Schumann (1997), Schumann & Pearce (1997), Watling & Watling (1982e), Zhang et al. (1995)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Adams (1991), Adams et al. (1992), Skelton (1993), Loubser (1992), Marais (1983b), Newman (1993), Schlacher & Wooldridge (1994), Schlacher & Wooldridge (1995), Schlacher & Wooldridge (1996a), Schlacher & Wooldridge (1996b), Shewell (1950), Strydom (1998)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Lee (1993), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1984a), Reddering & Scarr (1990a),

VAN STADENS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o58'S;25o13'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Water quality important for recreational purposes)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Dundas (1993)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

MAITLAND ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o59'S;25o18'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Important recreational area on the outskirts of Port Elizabeth)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

BAKENS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o58'S;25o37'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Canalized estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Completely transformed due to harbour and urban developments)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Hops (1990)

PAPKUILS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o55'S;25o37'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Canalized estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Functions as an industrial canal)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

SWARTKOPS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o57'S;25o38'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Excellent

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Ecologically viable despite intensive recreational usage)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Baird & Winter (1990a), Baird & Winter (1990b), Baird & Winter (1992), Baird et al. (1987), Branch (1986), Dye (1978a), Emmerson (1985a), Esterhuysen & Rust (1987), Hilmer & Bate (1987), Huizinga (1984), MacKay (1994), Talbot (1982a), Watling & Watling (1982a), Winter (1990), Winter & Baird (1991), Winter et al. (1996)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Baird (1978), Beckley (1983), Beckley (1984a), Beckley (1985a), Bok (1979), Bok (1983), Daniel (1992), Daniel (1994a), Daniel (1994b), de Keyser (1987), de Wet (1988), de Wet & Marais (1990), Dye (1977), Dye (1978b), Dye (1978c), Dye et al. (1978), Dye & Furstenberg (1981), Els (1982), Emmerson (1983), Emmerson (1986), Emmerson (1987), Every (1973), Forbes (1977), Gilchrist (1918), Hanekom (1980), Hanekom (1986), Hanekom (1989), Hanekom & Baird (1992), Hanekom et al. (1988), Hanekom & Erasmus (1988), Hanekom & Erasmus (1989), Hilmer (1984), Macnae (1957a), Macnae (1957b), Malan (1982), Marais (1976), Marais (1977-79), Marais & Baird (1980a), Marais & Baird (1980b), Marais & Erasmus (1977a), Marais & Erasmus (1977b), Martin (1984), Martin (1991a), Martin (1991b), Martin & Baird (1987), Masson & Marais (1975), McLachlan (1972), McLachlan & Grindley (1974), Melville-Smith (1978), Melville-Smith & Baird (1980), Nixon (1975), Painter (1966), Perissinotto & Wooldridge (1989), Pereyra Lago (1986), Pereyra Lago (1993a), Pierce (1979), Pierce (1983), Pocock (1955), Talbot & Bate (1987), Talbot (1982b), Talbot et al. (1988), van der Horst & Erasmus (1978), van der Westhuizen & Marais (1977), Whitfield (1978a), Winter (1979), Wooldridge (1979), Wooldridge & Melville-Smith (1979)

(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Baird (1992), Baird et al. (1986), Baird et al. (1988), Baird et al. (1991), Baird et al. (1996), Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h), Edwards (1969), McLachlan (1975), Tyson (1988), van der Merwe (1975), Scharler et al. (1997)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Anon (1974a), Badenhorst (1985), Connell et al. (1976a), Connell et al. (1976d), Emmerson et al. (1982), Fromme (1988), Glen (1980), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Hill et al. (1984), Lee (1993), MacKay (1993), Martin & Baird (1988), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1981a), Slinger et al. (1998), van der Merwe (1974), Wooldridge (1992)

COEGA (NGCURA) ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o48'S;25o42'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Estuary has been converted into a salt works)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Every (1970)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

SUNDAYS ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o43'S;25o51'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Excellent

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Important recreational area, especially for anglers)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Emmerson (1989), Forbes & Allanson (1970), Illenberger (1988), Illenberger (1991), MacKay & Schumann (1990), MacKay (1988), MacKay & Schumann (1991), Watling & Watling (1982f)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Beckley (1984b), Harrison & Whitfield (1990), Hilmer (1990), Hilmer & Bate (1990), Daniel (1994b), Hilmer & Bate (1991), Illenberger (1992), Jerling (1988), Jerling (1994), Jerling & Wooldridge (1991), Jerling & Wooldridge (1992), Jerling & Wooldridge (1994b), Jerling & Wooldridge (1995a), Jerling & Wooldridge (1995b), Jerling & Wooldridge (1995c), MacKay (1989), Marais (1981), Whitfield (1994a), Whitfield & Harrison (1996), Whitfield & Paterson (1995), Wooldridge (1979), Wooldridge (1986a), Wooldridge & Bailey (1982), Wooldridge & Erasmus (1980), Wooldridge & Melville-Smith (1979), Wooldridge & Webb (1988)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1983a), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1981c), Swart (1986)

BOKNES ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o44'S;26o35'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Extensive aquatic plant beds a feature of this system)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme (1986b), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

BUSHMAN’S ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o42'S;26o40'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Reduced riverine input due to high agricultural demands)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Baird et al. (1983), Watling & Watling (1983), Uncles et al. (1990)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Jubb (1972), Palmer (1980a), Robertson (1984), Robertson (1996)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Baird et al. (1981), Fromme (1986b), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1981b), Whitfield & Ter Morshuizen (1992)

KARIEGA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o41'S;26o44'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Reduced freshwater input due to urban and agricultural demands)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Allanson & Read (1987), Taylor (1992), Ter Morshuizen (1995), Watling & Watling (1983)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: de Villiers (1990), Froneman & McQuaid (1997), Grange (1992), Grange & Allanson (1995), Hodgson (1987), Neethling & Jubb (1973), Paterson (1995a), Paterson (1998), Paterson & Whitfield (1996), Paterson & Whitfield (1997), Robertson (1996), Taylor & Allanson (1993), Taylor & Allanson (1995), Ter Morshuizen & Whitfield (1994), Whitfield (1994a), Whitfield (1994b)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme (1986b), Gaillard & Huizinga (1988), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Taylor (1987), Whitfield & Ter Morshuizen (1992)

KASUKA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o39'S;26o44'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: A well conserved, recreationally important Eastern Cape estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Jubb (1979)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme (1986b), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Whitfield & Ter Morshuizen (1992)

KOWIE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o36'S;26o54'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Lower reaches highly impacted by human activities)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Crosby (1993), Kokkinn & Allanson (1985), Watling & Watling (1983)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Bok (1979), Bok (1983), Davies (1980), Hill (1975b), Hill (1978), Robertson (1996), Whitfield et al. (1994)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Grange et al. (1992), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), PLAN Associates (1986)

RUFANE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o35'S;26o57'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Water quality important for recreation)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

RIET ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o34'S;27o01'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Important from an aesthetic and recreational viewpoint)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

KLEINEMONDE (WES) ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o33'S;27o02'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Holiday resort development in mouth region)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Brown (1953), Blaber (1973a), Blaber (1973c), Blaber (1974a)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Badenhorst (1988a), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

KLEINEMONDE (OOS) ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o32'S;27o03'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Holiday resort development in mouth region)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Cowley (1998)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Badenhorst (1988a), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)

KLEIN PALMIET ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o31'S;27o08'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Beach access road encroaches onto estuary margins)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:

GREAT FISH ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o30'S;27o08'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: A very important recreational area, especially for anglers)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Allanson & Read (1987), Hiller & Stavrakis (1982), Watling & Watling (1983)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Bok (1979), Bok (1983), Grange (1992), Grange & Allanson (1995), Ter Morshuizen et al. (1996), Ter Morshuizen et al. (1997), Whitfield (1994a), Whitfield et al. (1994)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Lucas (1986), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1982)

OLD WOMAN’S ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o30'S;27o09'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Estuary surrounded by the Fish River Sun golf course)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

MPEKWENI ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o26'S;27o14'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Estuary mouth is artificially manipulated by the Mpekweni Sun Hotel)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

MTATI ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o25'S;27o16'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: New resort development near mouth)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Grobbler et al. (1987), Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

MGWALANA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o25'S;27o17'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Small holiday resort at the mouth)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

BIRA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o23'S;27o20'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Northern bank artificially stabilized near the mouth)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

GQUTYWA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o22'S;27o22'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: This estuary falls within a declared conservation area)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

NGCULURA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o22'S;27o22'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Catchment degradation has occurred)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

MTANA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o19'S;27o26'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Vehicle access route to the beach encroaches onto the estuary bank)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

KEISKAMMA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o17'S;27o29'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Increasing freshwater abstraction and human impacts in the catchment)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Read (1983a)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Read (1982), Read (1985a), Read (1985b), Robertson (1996)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

NGQINISA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o15'S;27o32'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

KIWANE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o15'S;27o33'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

TYOLOMNQA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o14'S;27o35'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: State forestry reserve on the western side)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

SHELBERTSSTROOM ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o13'S;27o37'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Estuary floodplain disturbed with construction of car park and ablution facility)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

LILYVALE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o12'S;27o38'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Resort development of Christmas Rock situated to the east of the estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

ROSS’ CREEK ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o11'S;27o39'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Farmlands in the catchment and resort development to the east)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

NCERA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o10'S;27o40'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Causeway/weir at head of estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

MLELE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o10'S;27o41'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Weir at head of estuary and part of shoreline has been stabilized)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

MCANTSI ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o09'S;27o42'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Kidd’s Beach holiday resort on southern bank of estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

GXULU ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o07'S;27o44'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Fair proportion of estuarine floodplain comprises holiday resort)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

GODA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o06'S;27o47'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Small holiday resort on northern bank of estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

HLOZI ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o05'S;27o49'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Farmlands in catchment may impact on estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

HICKMAN’S ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o04'S;27o50'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Holiday resort development on the floodplain and causeway upstream of estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

BUFFALO ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o02'S;27o55'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Urban and rural pollution of freshwater supply to estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Watling et al. (1985)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Connell et al. (1978a), Connell et al. (1981a), Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

BLIND ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 33o00'S;27o56'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: There is an urgent need to improve estuarine water quality)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Talbot et al. (1985)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

HLAZE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o59'S;27o57'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: There is an urgent need to improve estuarine water quality)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Talbot et al. (1985)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

NAHOON ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o59'S;27o57'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Important environmental asset and recreational facility)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Reddering & Esterhuysen (1987b), Talbot et al. (1985)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Campbell et al. (1991), Steinke (1986a)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1985b), Esterhuysen & Reddering (1985), Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b), Wooldridge (1986b)

QINIRA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o59'S;27o58'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Important environmental asset and recreational facility)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Talbot et al. (1985)

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

GQUNUBE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o56'S;28o02'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Important environmental asset and recreational facility)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Campbell et al. (1991), Steinke (1972a), Steinke (1986a)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b), Wooldridge (1986b)

KWELERA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o55'S;28o05'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Resort development in estuary mouth region)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Campbell et al. (1991), Steinke (1986a)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b), Wooldridge (1986b)

BULURA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o54'S;28o06'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Resort development in the estuary mouth region)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

CUNGE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o52'S;28o07'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Relatively low dissolved oxygen levels in bottom waters reported)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

CINTSA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o50'S;28o07'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Extensive resort development in the vicinity of the lower reaches)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

CEFANE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o49'S;28o08'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: May be considered for inclusion in a coastal reserve)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

KWENXURA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o48'S;28o09'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: May be considered for inclusion in a coastal reserve)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

NYARA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o47'S;28o11'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: May be considered for inclusion in a coastal reserve)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

HAGA-HAGA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o46'S;28o15'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Increased pressure on freshwater supply for resort development)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Whitfield (1992a)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b), Whitfield (1993b)

MTENDWE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o44'S;28o17'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Both catchment and estuary in excellent condition)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

QUKO ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o43'S;28o19'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Most of the estuary is within a declared conservation area)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

MORGAN ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o43'S;28o21'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Increasing demand for freshwater supply to holiday resort)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

CWILI ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o41'S;28o23'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Catchment in excellent condition but remnants of old road bridge in estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)

GREAT KEI ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o41'S;28o23'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Catchment degradation has resulted in heavy siltation of the estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Plumstead (1984), Plumstead et al. (1985), Robertson (1996)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b), Marais & Prinsloo (1980)

GXARA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o40'S;28o24'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Water quality measurements indicate bacterial contamination)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

NGOGWANE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o39'S;28o25'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Poor water quality and floodplain disturbance by vehicle access routes)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

QOLORA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o38'S;28o25'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: This system appears to be in a near natural state)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

NCIZELE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o38'S;28o26'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: This system appears to be in a near natural state)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

KOBONQABA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o36'S;28o29'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Reduced water due to high E.coli counts)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Steinke (1972a)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

NGQUSI/INXAXO ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o35'S;28o31'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Wavecrest holiday resort on southern shore near mouth)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996), Steinke (1972a), Steinke & Ward (1990)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

CEBE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o31'S;28o35'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: The Cebe Nature Reserve camp site is situated near the estuary mouth)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

GQUNQE ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o31'S;28o35'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: There is in urgent need for ecological information on this estuary)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:

ZALU ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o30'S;28o36'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Small floodplain and surrounding area used for grazing cattle)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

NGQWARA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o30'S;28o37'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Floodplain and surrounding area used for grazing cattle)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

SIHLONTLWENI (GCINI) ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o29'S;28o39'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil

CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Information needed on this system)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:

QORA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o27'S;28o40'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: System is regularly used for recreational boating and fishing)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

JUJURA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o26'S;28o42'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Poor water quality requires attention)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

NGADLA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o25'S;28o43'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Poor water quality requires attention)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

SHIXINI ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o24'S;28o43'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Poor water quality requires attention)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)

NQABARA ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o20'S;28o47'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent?

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996), Steinke (1972a)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Marais & Prinsloo (1980)

NGOMA (KOBULE) ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o18'S;28o50'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Situated in the Dwesa Nature Reserve)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: van der Elst (1978a)

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:

MENDU ESTUARY

LOCALITY: 32o17'S;28o53'E REGION: Warm temperate

CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil

CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Situated in the Dwesa Nature Reserve)

AVAILABLE LITERATURE

(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:

(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:

(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: